Phytochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of Catharanthus roseus Methanol Extract Against Vaginal Microflora

Abstract

Catharanthus roseus is a medicinally important plant recognized for its alkaloid-rich composition and therapeutic applications. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile, nutritional composition, mineral content, and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of C. roseus leaves. The crude extract was greenish-black, pungent in odor, with a yield of 4.08 g. Proximate analysis revealed high crude fat (42.82%), carbohydrate (40.27%), and fibre (17.58%) contents, with moderate protein (4.70%), suggesting potential nutritional value. Mineral analysis demonstrated significant amounts of calcium (36.3 mg/100 g) and potassium (23.8 mg/100 g), along with sodium, magnesium, and trace elements such as iron and zinc, indicating the plant’s potential as a source of essential micronutrients. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins, proteins, and lipids, whereas flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids were absent. Antimicrobial evaluation of six chromatographic fractions (M1–M6) showed that only M1 and M2 exhibited considerable antibacterial activity, while other fractions were inactive, suggesting that bioactive compounds were concentrated in specific polar fractions. The strong activity of these fractions may be attributed to alkaloids and phenolic constituents, known for their antimicrobial efficacy.