A Cross-Sectional Study of Utilization of Blood and Blood Components in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu.

Abstract

Introduction Blood centre plays a vital role in patient blood management by providing blood and blood components. Patient blood management comprises of approaches to diagnose, treat and improve the outcome of the individual. Blood transfusion is one important aspect of patient blood management which has a major positive impact in outcome of patients. Blood is a scarce resource and has to be administrated judiciously. Blood transfusion risk versus benefits has to be assessed before initiating blood transfusion. The auditing of usage of blood components has to be done on periodic basic in order assess the utilization of blood products across various department. It is mandatory to monitor and assess the pattern of utilisation of blood components. The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of utilisation of blood and blood components in a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of utilisation of blood and blood components in a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu.

Methods: This was a retrospective Cross-Sectional study conducted in the Blood centre, Department of Pathology, Karpaga vinayaga institute of medical sciences and Research centre in Tamil Nadu from July 2023 to December 2023.Data of all the blood and blood components issued from the blood centre at Karpaga vinayaga institute of medical sciences and Research centre during the two years study period (January 2021- December 2022) were collected and analysed.

Results: In this current study, total of 3279 blood and blood components reservation request over the period of 2 years were received.  Out of which 2167 units of blood and blood products were issued with a monthly average of 90 Units. The most common blood group for which blood products were issued was O Positive (48.5 %). Most of the blood transfusion was observed in the age group of 20-40 years of age i.e., 971 units which accounts to 44.89%. Maximum utilized blood products were PRBC-1475 units (68%) followed by whole blood 483 units (22%) while the least utilized was Platelet concentrates/ random Donor Platelets which constituted for 3%. The most common indication for transfusion of blood component was Anemia (54.17%). Overall CT ratio was 1.53. Overall TI of 0.6 indicated appropriate blood utilisation.

Conclusions: This study highlights the pattern of utilisation of various blood and blood components in a tertiary care hospital. Developing the appropriate blood transfusion policy in each hospital after discussing with the clinicians helps in strengthening the appropriateness of usage of blood components. Periodic assessment of pattern of utilisation has to be done to maintain the quality of the blood centre. This also enables internal quality control for better functioning of blood bank. Educational and training sessions should be conducted to the clinicians will further strengthen the blood transfusion practices.