Assessment of Palatal Rugae Patterns Among Different Age Groups – A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Palatal rugae are anatomical folds in the anterior part of the palatal mucosa that are unique to each individual and remain relatively stable throughout life. Their uniqueness and resistance to post-mortem changes make them useful in forensic identification. This study evaluates the number, shape, and symmetry of palatal rugae across different age groups to assess age-related changes.

Aim of the study: To assess and compare palatal rugae patterns among different age groups and evaluate their forensic significance

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 individuals divided equally into four age groups: Group A (10–20 years), Group B (20–35 years), Group C (35–45 years), and Group D (45–55 years). Maxillary impressions were taken using alginate and casts were prepared with dental stone. Rugae were traced and analysed for number, shape (wavy, curved, straight, circular), and symmetry using the modified Thomas and Kotze classification. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results: The mean number of rugae decreased with age: Group A (10.2 ± 2.1) to Group D (8.5 ± 1.9). Wavy and curved rugae were more prevalent in younger age groups, while straight and circular patterns were common in older individuals. Symmetry decreased with age: Group A (87%) to Group D (59%). Statistically significant differences were observed between age groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Palatal rugae patterns demonstrate age-related changes in number, shape, and symmetry. These variations can aid in age estimation and personal identification in forensic contexts. Further studies with larger and more diverse populations are recommended to validate these findings.