Synthesis and Characterization of "Keratin-Alginate/ZnO Nanogel: An Innovative Antimicrobial System for Enhanced Wound Healing "
Main Article Content
Abstract
Biomaterials, whether naturally derived or synthetic, are engineered to enhance cellular interactions, promote tissue regeneration, and ensure biocompatibility, making them highly promising for advanced wound healing applications. Among them, keratin-based nanogels represent a novel class that utilizes keratin’s intrinsic bioactivity to form three-dimensional scaffolds conducive to cell attachment and tissue remodeling. The incorporation of alginate, a natural anionic polysaccharide, further enhances these nanogels by imparting structural integrity, improved mechanical strength (~15–20 kPa), and high moisture retention (~85%), essential for an optimal wound environment.
In this study, keratin–alginate nanogels were synthesized via ionic crosslinking and comprehensively characterized. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed crosslinking through characteristic amide I (~1650 cm⁻¹) and carboxylate (~1600 cm⁻¹) peaks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a semi-crystalline nature, supporting structural stability. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed a porous, interconnected morphology (pore size ~50–150 µm), favorable for nutrient diffusion and cell infiltration. Porosity and water absorption studies demonstrated excellent uptake (up to 900% of dry weight), while water retention analysis confirmed prolonged moisture maintenance. In vitro degradation assays indicated controlled degradation suitable for tissue remodeling. Additionally, antimicrobial investigations demonstrated strong activity against common wound pathogens, enhancing infection protection. The synergistic effects of keratin and alginate improve mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties, supporting potential therapeutic delivery. Overall, keratin–alginate nanogels present a multifunctional platform for advanced wound healing and regenerative medicine applications.