Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Effects of Different Flap Designs of Osseointegrated Implants on Post-Operative Complications Measured at Different Timings- An (In Vivo) Original Research Study

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effects of different flap designs of osseointegrated implants on postoperative complications measured at various timings.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 60 patients aged 25 to 50 with missing mandibular right premolars and molars. Of these, 40 chose dental implants after thorough evaluations and consent.  Patients were divided into three groups based on flap design: Group 1 (envelope), Group 2 (triangular), and Group 3 (trapezoidal). Postoperative complications were assessed at three and six months, and pain levels were measured with an electronic visual analog scale (e-VAS) by the same operator for consistency.

Statistical Analysis and Results: This study analyzed data using SPSS software and involved 60 patients. They were divided into three groups of 20 based on flap design for implant placement: Group 1 (envelope flap), Group 2 (triangular flap), and Group 3 (trapezoidal flap). Post-operative complications were assessed within three months and again after six months using the Pearson Chi-Square test. Group 1 had minimal complications that decreased over time, Group 2 experienced moderate complications that improved after six months, while Group 3 had a higher incidence initially, with a moderate decrease later. Pain was measured using the e-VAS, and results were summarized through one-way ANOVA.

Conclusion: This study found that different flap designs for osseointegrated implants have a potential impact on their respective postoperative complications. The envelope flap is more effective, resulting in less pain, fewer infections, and reduced swelling while preserving periodontal health. Trapezoidal flaps offer improved visibility but require meticulous handling. The best flap design depends on the situation and the surgeon's experience.