Prevalence and Characteristics of Otomycosis in HIV-Positive Patients Diagnosed in the North West of Algeria

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of otomycosis in HIV-positive patients presenting with clinical otitis.

Objectives: Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of otomycosis among HIV-positive individuals and identify the fungal species responsible for this pathology.

Methods: A total of 44 HIV-positive patients were examined for fungal presence in ear infections. Filamentous fungi were diagnosed on macroscopic and microscopic features, while yeasts were identified based on biochemical characteristics with Auxacolor (Bio-Rad) kits.

Results: Fungal presence was detected in 16 patients (36.36%), with males being more frequently affected (68.8%). The most affected age group was 40-50 years. Urban residents and individuals wearing veils were also more likely to be diagnosed with fungal otitis. Ear fullness was the most common clinical sign. Candida parapsilosis (31.3%) was the most prevalent fungal isolate, followed by Candida albicans (18.8%).

Conclusions: The study highlights the significant burden of otomycosis in HIV-positive individuals and the need for mycological diagnostic and treatment strategies.