“Study of Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in Chronic Kidney Disease”

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition associated with significant cardiovascular complications, particularly left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in CKD patients, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction play a crucial role in adverse outcomes. Echocardiography serves as a vital tool in assessing cardiac dysfunction in CKD patients, enabling early detection and intervention.

Aim: The study aims to assess the prevalence of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in CKD patients and evaluate its correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hypertension.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital over 18 months. A total of 70 CKD patients were included based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Electrocardiography (ECG) and two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-ECHO) were used to evaluate left ventricular function. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v23.0, with a significance level set at p<0.05.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.05 years, with a male predominance (64.3%). Hypertension was prevalent in 80% of cases, and 65.7% of patients were on dialysis. ECG findings indicated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 62.9% of cases. Left ventricular dysfunction was observed in varying degrees: 31.4% had grade 2 dysfunction, 18.6% had grade 1, 11.4% had moderate biventricular dysfunction, and 10.0% had grade 0 dysfunction, while 28.6% had normal cardiac function. A significant association was found between serum creatinine levels and left ventricular dysfunction (p<0.05). Hypertensive CKD patients had a significantly higher incidence of left ventricular dysfunction compared to normotensive individuals (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The study underscores the high prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction in CKD patients, particularly among those with hypertension and elevated serum creatinine levels. Early detection through echocardiography and timely interventions may help mitigate cardiovascular risks in this vulnerable population.