To Analyze the Morphological Characteristics of Ocular Trauma in Medicolegal Cases and Its Effect on Vision, At SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur During 2023-2024.

Abstract

Background: Injuries to the eye are a significant public health concern and one of the leading causes of vision loss in one eye across the globe. Such trauma frequently arises in medicolegal situations, including road accidents, violent assaults, and workplace incidents. Analyzing the morphological features of these injuries can provide crucial information about the trauma’s nature and prognosis, supporting both clinical care and legal processes.

Aim: To analyze the morphological patterns of ocular trauma and assess their effect on vision in patients presenting with medicolegal injuries at SMS Medical College and its associated hospitals in Jaipur during the period 2023–2024.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 patients with documented medicolegal ocular trauma at SMS Hospital from March 2023 to April 2024. Patients with direct eye injuries who gave informed consent were included. Data were compiled and evaluated using Microsoft Excel to identify common injury patterns, visual outcomes, and their medicolegal relevance.

Results: Out of 100 cases, 85% were males, with an almost equal distribution between rural and urban backgrounds. The most common causes of trauma were road traffic accidents (45%) and physical altercations, particularly fist injuries (42%). Abrasions (99%) and contusions (96%) were the most prevalent forms of injury. Visual impairment was more commonly observed in the left eye (36%) than the right (27%).

Conclusion: Ocular trauma affected individuals from both rural and urban areas, with a marked predominance in males, often due to occupational and road-related hazards. Blunt trauma was the most common mechanism, with the left eye being more frequently involved. Strengthening preventive measures through the use of safety gear and increasing public awareness about eye protection can help reduce the occurrence and severity of such injuries.