Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Preliminary Evaluative Study

Abstract

Introduction: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is gaining traction in the field of cancer research. The molecular changes that underpin the pathophysiology of an illness are used to diagnose it, not the appearance of the tissue. The aim of this study is to use Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR), an automated technique that more accurately represents morphology, to identify molecular differences between normal and Oral cancer tissue. 

Objectives: To analyze and compare the molecular composition of normal and cancerous oral tissues using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and to identify specific spectral differences that may aid in the molecular diagnosis of oral cancer.

Methods: Fresh tissue samples were obtained from Oral Cancer patients undergoing surgery. The mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector on the Nicolet Magna 750 FT spectrometer was used to record the spectra.

Results: FT IR spectra showed significant differences in the peaks between the cancerous and normal oral tissue. The stretching vibration of the carbonyl produced the peak at 1645/cm. Compared to normal tissue, the gradient of the protein peak in malignant tissue was greater.

Conclusions: Numerous genes regulate the multiple stages of the pathogenesis and development of oral cancer, which are influenced by a wide range of variables. When it comes to protein, nuclear acid, glucose, and adipose in cells, as well as the molecular structure of the molecule, FT IR can offer information that allows for an in-depth understanding of the molecular diagnosis of cancer and future treatment strategies.