Morphological Characterization of Pituitary Gland: A Retrospective Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Background: The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in endocrine function, and its morphology can vary with age and gender. Understanding the normative values of pituitary size, volume, and shape is essential for identifying pathological deviations. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a reliable modality for assessing these parameters non-invasively.

Objective: To examine the normative values of pituitary gland size, volume, and shape across different age groups and genders using brain MRI, and to assess the relationship between these measurements and demographic variables such as age and gender.

Result: A total of 200 patients (146 men and 54 women), aged 10 to 60 years, who underwent brain MRI were included in this retrospective analysis. The average pituitary height was 5.78 mm in men and 5.52 mm in women, with no statistically significant difference. Pituitary length measured 9.34 mm in men and 9.67 mm in women. The pituitary volume was 388.31 mm³ in men and 396.39 mm³ in women, while the pituitary surface volume was 345.75 mm³ in males and 333.65 mm³ in females, with none of these differences reaching statistical significance. Significant associations were observed between pituitary measurements (height, length, and surface area) and age.

Conclusion: The study found no significant differences in pituitary gland dimensions between males and females. However, pituitary height, length, and surface area were significantly associated with age. Further research is warranted to explore the factors influencing these age-related changes in pituitary morphology.