Public Health Implications of Escherichia coli Contamination in Powdered Soybean

Abstract

In Nnewi South, Anambra State, a concerning health issue arises from the consumption of powdered soybean, a staple food in the region, which may be contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli). This bacterium can cause a spectrum of health problems, ranging from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to severe life-threatening conditions. This study focused on the health impact of ES isolated from powdered soybean in Nnewi South. In Nnewi South, Anambra State, powdered soybean, a staple food, poses a health risk due to potential E. coli contamination, which can cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms to life-threatening conditions, prompting this study on its health impact. This study investigated the presence and pathogenic potential of E. coli in soybean samples. Two hundred soybean samples were collected and screened for E. coli using microbiological techniques. Five E. coli strains (SEC470, V266, SUS9EC, O157:H7 SS52, and O157:H7 Sakai) were isolated and identified to the molecular level. The pathogenic potential of each strain was assessed in mice, which were orally administered 0.5 mL of inoculum (10⁸ cells/mL). The study revealed significant pathological signs, gross lesions, and decreased organ-body weight ratio in infected mice, particularly those infected with ECOHSS52 (E. coli O157:H7 strain SS52). The isolated E. coli strains exhibited reasonable pathogenic features, with ECOHSS52 being the most pathogenic. The findings highlight the potential health risk associated with consuming contaminated soybean products and emphasize the need for proper food handling and safety measures to prevent E. coli infections.