Anticipatory Monitoring of Chronic Kidney Disease Awareness, Prevalence, and Risk Factors among Diabetes & Hypertensive Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a growing global health concern linked primarily to diabetes and hypertension, often progresses silently, highlighting the need for early detection and awareness to prevent complications.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess patient awareness, prevalence, and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients.

Methods: A six-month cross-sectional study (Nov 2023–Apr 2024) was conducted among 192 diabetic and hypertensive patients at a tertiary hospital. Adults ≥18 years on regular follow-up were included, excluding those with CKD, short follow-up, pregnancy, critical illness, or incomplete records. Data were collected using a questionnaire on CKD knowledge (11 items) and attitude (6 items). Awareness was defined as having both average knowledge and a positive attitude. CKD was classified using eGFR (CKD-EPI) and albuminuria per KDIGO guidelines. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used, with p < 0.05 as significant.

Results: Among the 192 patients with both diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The mean age was 65 years, 36.5% showed average CKD knowledge, and 67.7% had a negative attitude towards early detection, with a 40.6% CKD prevalence overall. Significant CKD predictors included age, duration of diabetes and hypertension, knowledge level, attitude, uncontrolled blood pressure, and medication use, with ACEI use being protective and longer DM and hypertension durations increasing CKD odds.

Conclusions: Our study highlights the critical importance of early detection and proactive management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) among individuals with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The significant association between these conditions and CKD underscores the need for regular monitoring and comprehensive patient education to mitigate disease progression and reduce associated morbidity and mortality.