Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic and Tissue Protective Effects of Aegle Marmelose Leaf Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice
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Abstract
This study investigates the hypoglycemic effects of aqueous extracts of Aegle marmelos in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced using a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (180 mg/kg body weight). The aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight for 14 days, resulting in a significant reduction in blood glucose levels. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and saponins, which contribute to the plant's medicinal properties. The extract exhibited strong in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of 127.12 µg/mL and 147.23 µg/mL, respectively, demonstrating potential for diabetes management. Antioxidant activity assessed through the DPPH assay revealed a dose-dependent free radical scavenging effect comparable to standard antioxidants. Total phenolic and flavonoid content analysis highlighted the extract’s rich bioactive composition. Acute toxicity studies indicated a high safety margin, with no observed adverse effects at doses up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Histopathological analysis of pancreatic and liver tissues supported the extract’s protective effects against alloxan-induced damage. Blood glucose monitoring confirmed a significant reduction in diabetic mice, suggesting Aegle marmelos’s insulin-mimetic or β-cell regenerative properties. Despite its potent hypoglycemic effects, the extract prevented diabetes-associated weight loss, necessitating further studies to explore its long-term efficacy and potential integration into antidiabetic therapy. These findings support the traditional use of Aegle marmelos in diabetes management and highlight its therapeutic potential.