Antidiabetic Potential of Hydromethanolic Extract of Hyoscyamus albus in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, action, or both. The search for natural therapeutic alternatives has gained increasing interest due to the side effects associated with conventional treatments. Hyoscyamus albus, a medicinal plant known for its diverse pharmacological properties, has been traditionally used for various ailments, including metabolic disorders.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the hydromethanolic extract from the aerial parts of Hyoscyamus albus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The study also investigated its effects on glucose metabolism and lipid profile.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats using streptozotocin, and the animals were subsequently treated with H. albus hydromethanolic extract at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 21 days. Blood glucose levels and lipid parameters were monitored throughout the experiment. Additionally, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted to assess the postprandial hypoglycemic effect of the extract.

Results: Oral administration of H. albus extract significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels (P < 0.05) and improved glucose tolerance. The treatment also led to a beneficial modulation of serum lipid profiles, including reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels after 21 days of supplementation.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that the hydromethanolic extract of Hyoscyamus albus possesses significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties. These results highlight its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for diabetes management.