Assessment of Groundwater Quality from Hand-Pumps: A Physico-Chemical Investigation

Abstract

Water in its natural state is inherently impure, containing dissolved substances that alter its chemical composition. While chemically pure water is nonexistent in nature, it is not essential for sustaining life. Rainwater, initially pure when it falls, interacts with atmospheric gases and particles, absorbing and capturing substances that affect its quality. This study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics of groundwater, including: Color, Turbidity, pH, Conductivity, Chlorides, Acidity, Alkalinity & Total Hardness. By analyzing these parameters, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of groundwater quality and its sustainability implications.