Development and Characterization of Momordica dioica Extract Loaded Cubosomes for Enhanced Drug Delivery

Abstract

Introduction: Momordica dioica (MD) has been used to treat various disorders due to its potential pharmacological properties. It contains several important phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and terpenes, which contribute to its diverse biological activities.

Objectives: This study focused on designing, developing, and evaluating a patient-friendly formulation of cubosomes loaded with Momordica dioica extract.

Methods: MD extract loaded cubosomes were developed using a high-speed homogenizer and the top-down approach, and it was then optimized using a 2-factor, 3-level factorial design. Formed MD-loaded cubosomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE), zeta potential, and particle size (PS). Optimized MD-loaded cubosomes were then adsorbed onto lactose and the Syloid XD 3150 to create a solid powder. Optimized MD-loaded cubosome powder was assessed for in vitro release and stability research.

Results: The optimized MD-loaded cubosomes indicated spherical-polyangular cube-shaped structure with mean particle size, entrapment efficiency, and zeta potential were 241.06±2.16 nm, 89.26 ± 0.021 %, and −49.4 ± 2.00 mV, respectively. The PDI value of the cubosomal dispersion was 0.12 ± 0.04.  In vitro drug release of optimized MD-loaded cubosomes was 85.96 ± 0.063%. The investigation proposed the controlled sustained release of MD extract to enhance its bioavailability and extend its activity. The sachet formulation of MD extract was chemically stable at room temperature storage conditions.

Conclusions: Momordica dioica methanolic extract was successfully incorporated into cubosomal nanoparticles and overcame gastrointestinal effects from oral administration.