Observational Analysis of Outcomes in Patients with Delayed Surgical Interventions in Acute Appendicitis

Abstract

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency that requires timely intervention to prevent complications. Delayed surgical intervention in appendicitis has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the outcomes of delayed surgical interventions in patients with acute appendicitis, focusing on the impact of surgical delay on morbidity, mortality, and recovery time.

Methods: This observational retrospective study was conducted at Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital between September 2020 and August 2021. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis and undergoing surgery during the study period were included. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the time of surgery: <12 hours, 12-24 hours, and >24 hours after presentation. Data was collected from patient medical records, including demographic details, time of presentation, time of surgery, complications, hospital stay, and mortality rate. Primary outcomes were morbidity (infections, abscess formation, sepsis), mortality, and length of hospital stay.

Results: Delays in surgery were associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates. The group undergoing surgery after 24 hours had the highest incidence of complications, including infections and sepsis, as well as a mortality rate of 15%. The length of hospital stay was also longer in patients with delayed surgery, particularly in the >24 hours group. Early surgery (<12 hours) resulted in better outcomes with fewer complications and shorter recovery times.

Conclusion: Timely surgical intervention is critical in the management of acute appendicitis. Delayed appendectomy significantly increases the risk of complications, prolongs hospital stays, and contributes to higher mortality. These findings emphasize the need for rapid diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis to improve patient outcomes. Further research is recommended to explore the causes of surgical delays and the long-term impact of delayed appendectomies.