Pharmacognosstical And Pharmacological Screening of Bioactive Compound Obtained from Plant Aphanamixis Polystachya and Its In Vivo Potential for the Management of Type-Ii Diabetes

Abstract

Aphanamixis polystachya (Meliaceae) is a traditionally valued medicinal tree rich in limonoids and polyphenolic constituents. The present study aimed to establish pharmacognostical standards of the leaf and evaluate the antidiabetic potential of a polyphenol-enriched fraction (PEF) in a high-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) induced type-II diabetic rat model. Pharmacognostical investigation included macroscopic and microscopic features, physicochemical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical screening. The PEF was prepared by hydroalcoholic extraction followed by enrichment and standardized using total phenolic content and HPTLC fingerprint. In vivo evaluation was performed for 28 days with endpoints including fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, hepatic glycogen, oxidative stress markers, and pancreatic histology. Treatment with PEF (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced fasting glucose, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, normalized dyslipidemia, increased hepatic glycogen, restored antioxidant defenses, and preserved pancreatic architecture compared with diabetic control. The study supports A. polystachya leaf PEF as a promising antidiabetic candidate, warranting further isolation and mechanistic studies.