Detection and Characterization of Microplastics in Drinking Water Using Advanced Analytical Techniques

Abstract

Introduction: The universal problem of microplastic pollution has drawn significant global attention in recent years. The detection of these tiny plastic particles in drinking water raises concerns about possible health hazards and emphasizes the need for a thorough investigation into their origins, distribution, and effects on human health. 
Objective: The present study aimed to detect the presence of microplastics in drinking water from various sources including bottled water from 2 branded companies and one local brand and tap water. 
Methods: By using field water testing kit developed by the Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) the water samples were analyzed for parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, conductivity, temperature, phosphate, chlorine, ammonia, nitrate, fluoride, and iron. Additionally, the water samples were filtered through membrane filtration techniques to detect the microplastics in the water samples. The membrane was further analyzed for the presence of microplastic using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy)
Results: FTIR results revealed the presence of some contaminants  in the water samples. SEM analysis revealed particle size of 2μm which may confirm the presence of microplastics in the water samples. The XRD pattern exhibited an amorphous or semi-crystalline peak, further indicating that microplastics may be present.  It is suggested that microplastics may have been introduced into the water samples during processing.