Antidiabetic & Antioxidant Activity of Annona Squamosa bark using Successive Solvent Extraction Method

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin dysregulation, poses significant health risks globally. This study investigates the pharmacognostic properties and antidiabetic potential of Annona squamosa bark extract. Pharmacognostic parameters including macroscopic and microscopic features, physicochemical properties (such as ash values and extractive values), and phytochemical analysis were evaluated. Extracts were prepared sequentially using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, with highest yields observed in methanol (21.39%). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and carbohydrates in the ethyl acetate extract. Acute toxicity studies demonstrated the safety of the chloroform extract up to 5000 mg/kg in rats. Antidiabetic activity was assessed using streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in Wistar rats. Treatment with ethyl acetate extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner compared to diabetic controls over a 14-day period. Additionally, the extract prevented weight loss associated with diabetes. The DPPH radical scavenging assay indicated antioxidant potential. These findings suggest that Annona squamosa bark possesses promising antidiabetic properties, possibly mediated through its phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity. Further research is warranted to elucidate its mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications.