Assessing the Efficacy of Non-Invasive Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis and Management of Kidney Stones

Abstract

This review paper examines ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and X-ray methods for kidney stone diagnosis and management, as well as emerging technologies that may change the field. Ultrasound imaging for kidney stones is non-invasive, affordable, and widespread. It is ideal for pregnant women and those allergic to ionizing radiation. Its efficiency may be reduced in obese patients and profound kidney stones. CT scans are the best kidney stone diagnostic tool, with high sensitivity and specificity. They detail stone properties and problems. However, radiation exposure issues, especially in repeated scans, must be considered. Non-ionizing MRI provides better soft tissue contrast and helps distinguish stone composition. It is especially helpful for pediatric or pregnant patients, but availability and expense may limit its use. Due to their inability to characterize stone composition, conventional X-ray methods have been supplanted by advanced imaging modalities. Dual-energy CT for stone type discrimination, tiny ultrasound devices for point-of-care diagnostics, and artificial intelligence for stone detection and characterisation are kidney stone imaging innovations.

Non-invasive imaging has transformed kidney stone diagnosis and treatment. Patient-specific characteristics and clinical context should determine imaging modality. Emerging technology may improve accuracy and efficiency. Optimizing kidney stone diagnosis and management requires evidence-based decision-making, multimodal techniques, and ongoing research.