Oligohydramnios Impact on Fetal Growth and Development: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Abstract

Background: Oligohydramnios, low amniotic fluid, greatly affects pregnancy outcome. Foetal distress, respiratory distress syndrome, intrauterine growth restriction, and premature birth are possible effects. Ultrasound diagnosis is crucial to reduce risks and improve maternal and foetal health. Understanding how oligohydramnios affects foetal development can enhance clinical care and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: Using ultrasonography, we included 100 pregnant women with an amniotic fluid index of less than 5 cm or a deepest vertical pocket of less than 2 cm for oligohydramnios. Demographics, maternal features, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Statistical research used chi-square and independent t-tests to compare control and oligohydramnios results.

Results: Pregnancies with oligohydramnios had significantly lower birth weights (2750 ± 300 grammes vs. 3100 ± 280 grammes, p < 0.001) and gestational ages (37.0 ± 1.5 weeks vs. 38.5 ± 1.0 weeks, p = 0.002) compared to controls Oligohydramnios increased foetal distress and NICU hospitalisations compared to the control group (40% vs. 18%, p = 0.025; 30% vs. 12%, p = 0.012).

Conclusion: This study emphasises the need of early detection and therapy in prenatal care by showing how oligohydramnios harms foetal growth and development. This study increases our understanding of oligohydramnios hazards and emphasises the need for mother-baby treatments.