Supremacy of Dengue Vaccine Over the Conventional Treatment: A Review

Abstract

Nations with tropical climates experience a high number of dengue cases. Approximately 300 million individuals affect with dengue virus annually, around 1 million experiencing severe symptoms, resulting in  2 to 5% fatality rate. The virus, belonging to the Flavivirus group, has four closely related strains known as DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4, which are capable of causing dengue fever in individuals. It is essential for the government to take swift action to control the spread of dengue infections. With conventional treatment of dengue there are several ADR such as severe hepatic injury, acute liver failure, allergic reactions like fever, chills, tremor etc.  Therefore, one should move towards vaccine for dengue with minimal ADR. Currently, there is a vaccine known as Dengvaxia that offers protection against the dengue virus. Dengvaxia is limited to regions with high prevalence of dengue fever, despite concerns raised by the World Health Organization (WHO).  Two vaccines are in the process of being tested in the last phase of trials. DENVax is the name of the vaccine created by the US CDC and Invitrogen, which is currently licensed to Takeda. The TV003/TV005, created by the US NIAID, is another choice of vaccine. Various types of vaccines, including live-attenuated vaccines, purified-inactivated viruses with adjuvants, DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, and heterologous prime/boost strategies, are examined in these studies. The aim of this review article is that to give an update on vaccine strategies of dengue fever over the conventional treatment of dengue with minimum side effect.