A Study of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Zingiber Officinale (ROSC) Extracts

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale), a member of the Zingiberacae family, which natively belongs mainly to the Southeast Asia region. It is a perennial creeping plant with long leaves, yellow-green blooms, and a thick tuberous rhizome. This particular storage root has a strong flavour. One of the most adaptable medicinal plants with a broad range of biological activity, ginger has been used medicinally for more than 2000 years. Since ancient times, ginger has been used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including menstrual irregularities, cancer, osteoarthritis, food poisoning, nausea, inflammation, coughing, and colds. In addition to these, it demonstrates antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Ginger has therapeutic qualities that are paradol, shogoal, and gingerol. etc. These results also demonstrated the existence of many phytochemical elements whose biological activity may have significant therapeutic value. On a scale of 1 to 4, the colour intensity represents the outcome of the phytochemical analysis in Zingiber officinale extract (+, ++, +++, ++++). The table shows the DPPH radical activity of several solvents of Zingiber officinale rhizome extracts. The methanol and water extracts of Zingiber officinale at 400 µg/ml exhibited about 98.602±0.026 of methanol and 96.148±0.117 water extracts. The DPPH activity was found comparable to ascorbic acid (std) which showed a DPPH scavenging activity of 99.472±0.026. The concentration of the sample at which the inhibition percentage reaches 50% is IC50. The lower the IC50 higher the antioxidant potential. Methanol extracts showed better antioxidant potential when compared with water extracts using the DPPH scavenging activity method. Zingiber officinale in water extract shows better antioxidant potential activity of 6.220±0.091 and 9.065±0.128 µg/ml in methanol extracts. 

For the examination of antibacterial properties, we used 4 standard species of bacteria Escherichia coli [MCC 3099], Streptococcus pneumoniae [MCC 2424], Bacillus subtilis [MCC 2010], Klebsiella pneumoniae [MCC 3094]. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) was performed for methanol extraction of Zingiber officinale's rhizome by ELISA technique. The presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, etc. was also examined during phytochemical analysis. The presence of antioxidants has been determined by DPPH radical scavenging capacity, Antioxidant potential IC50, and chromatogram of High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Standard. The finding concluded that the methanol extract of Ginger expressed antimicrobial potential against the above-mentioned bacteria species. So Ginger can be safely used as a conventional medicinal source against bacteria.