Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Kidney Functions of Adults in Kosti, Sudan

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the impact of cigarette smoking on renal parameters among Sudanese adult subjects in Kosti –White Nile State in the period from September to December 2021.

Method: This is a cross-sectional case-control study conducted at Kosti City located in the White Nile State of Sudan. General data from the subjects were collected by using a self-administrated pre-coded questionnaire specifically designed to obtain information that helped in the study. 5ml of blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein of 50 healthy smokers and 50 healthy no-smokers respectively. The serum was separated in sterile containers and was analyzed for creatinine, urea, and uric acid concentration. The 2-tailed T-test and P value are obtained to assess the significance of the results.

Results: A positive relation was observed between the urea level and the duration of smoking per year. The urea level was significantly higher and a significant correlation between urea and uric acid was also observed in the study group.

Conclusion: There is a substantial correlation between urea, uric acid, and smoking. Smoking for years modulates kidney functions.