Comparative Assessment on the Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, And Acute Oral Toxicity Profile of Trachyspermum Ammi Seeds Extracted with Different Polarity Solvents

Abstract

Trachyspermum ammi, commonly known as ‘ajwain’ or ‘caraway’ (family: Apiaceae), is utilized for various purposes in both dietary practices and traditional medicine. The current study was formulated to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and toxicity profiles of T. ammi extracts, using different polarity solvents, including petroleum ether (TAPE), chloroform (TACE), and hydroalcoholic extract (TAHE), using experimental animals. The anti-inflammatory property of the test compounds was screened using carrageenan-induced paw edema (CIPE) and cotton pellet-induced granuloma methods. Central and peripheral pain-relieving activity was analyzed utilizing hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing test, respectively. Toxicological profiling was conducted using the Up-and-Down Procedure method outlined in Test No. 425: Acute Oral Toxicity. Study findings revealed that TAPE, TACE, and TAHE at 2000 mg/kg were determined to be safe. The CIPE and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models revealed a notable (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity. It also demonstrated a positive impact on serum and liver tissue biochemical parameters, including SGOT, SGPT, total proteins, and acid phosphatase. Furthermore, the plant extracts displayed both central and peripheral analgesic effects, as evidenced by a significant (p<0.05) rise in latency time in the hot plate test and inhibition in the number of writhes, respectively. In conclusion, various polarity solvent extracts of T. ammi, namely TAPE, TACE, and TAHE, exhibited significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effect. Notably, TAHA displayed a more pronounced effect in reducing inflammation and nociceptive pain compared to TACE. Although TAPE also possesses anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, the effects were observed to be less pronounced compared to TACE.