Study of thyroid profile and its association with glycemic control in type ii diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background:

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus face an elevated susceptibility to thyroid disorders. The presence of hypothyroidism in these patients exacerbates microvascular complications, further increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Early screening for thyroid dysfunction in diabetic individuals is crucial, as it facilitates prompt intervention and treatment for hypothyroidism. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the thyroid dysfunction and its association with glycemic control in type II diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the SVNGMC, Yavatmal. In this study, we included the patients with age of 30-59 years old and all type II diabetes patients, irrespective of glucose control or treatment. Various clinical and laboratory tests were conducted, including assessments such as fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, complete blood count, and thyroid function. Subsequently, statistical analysis was performed on the collected data.

Results:

Elevated glucose levels (172.2 mg/dL) and HbA1C levels (7.98%) compared to Controls (p < 0.0001), indicating impaired blood sugar control. Serum TSH show higher level in type 2 diabetic group and Control group shows, higher T4 levels, suggesting potential thyroid function abnormalities. Hypothyroidism was the most commonly found in the patients with diabetes.

Conclusion:

Type 2 diabetes cases show higher rates of thyroid issues, worsening with elevated HbA1c levels. Inadequate glycemic control may contribute to this. Regular thyroid function tests in diabetics are essential for early diagnosis and improved diabetes management, reducing complications and enhancing quality of life.