Polycystic ovarian syndrome: An ongoing public health concern
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Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition of the endocrine system that is extremely ubiquitous among women in the reproductive phase. Ovarian dysfunction, hormonal disruptions, and metabolic abnormalities are the main characteristics of this disease. PCOS affects approximately 5-10% of female candidates who are of childbearing age. Many researchers have spent many years trying to uncover the root of this illness but to no avail. The underlying origin of this varied illness, which is often associated with obesity, is unknown. PCOS is usually diagnosed when exploring hirsutism or amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea, but the severity and clinical symptoms of PCOS vary greatly across individuals. PCOS is reportedly one of the causes of infertility. Technically, there is no recognized definition for PCOS; nonetheless, it has been argued that among the following three features, two are necessary for diagnosis: irregular menstruation; a biochemical or clinical androgen excess as depicted through laboratory tests; and the presence of multiple ovarian cysts. Females suffering from this condition are more likely to have emerging glucose intolerance; hence, some experts endorse screening for cardiovascular risk factors and type 2 diabetes, which are directly associated with metabolic syndrome. Infertility, irregular uterine bleeding, gestational diabetes mellitus, anxiety and pregnancy-induced hypertension are all possible complications of pregnancy. Thiazolidinediones are effective at treating PCOS by increasing insulin sensitivity and normalizing irregular menstruation; however, they should be avoided by women who are trying to conceive. In addition, increasing hormone levels and stimulating ovulation may be aided by a balanced diet that features a longer breakfast and a shorter dinner. This post will provide a concise overview of polycystic ovary syndrome.