A Systematic Review Comparing the Efficacy of Active Irrigation Techniques versus Passive Techniques in Bacterial Removal from Root Canals

Abstract

Introduction: Endodontic treatment involves crucial steps like irrigation to eliminate debris and disinfect the root canal system. This review explores the comparative effectiveness of active and passive irrigation methods, considering factors like debris removal, disinfection, and overall efficacy.

Methodology: A systematic review was conducted, focusing on studies comparing active and passive irrigation in endodontic procedures. Electronic searches identified randomized controlled trials, and a rigorous selection process ensured eligibility criteria were met. Data extraction and independent evaluations aimed to minimize bias.

Results: Studies primarily relied on indirect evidence like microbiological counts, with limited data on patient-relevant outcomes such as pain and swelling. The analysis was constrained by a scarcity of high-quality studies, impacting the ability to aggregate data. Efforts were made to reduce bias, but potential unpublished studies and incomplete reports posed limitations.

Conclusion: Active irrigation, particularly using methods like sonic or ultrasonic irrigation, demonstrated advantages in debris elimination and disinfection compared to passive methods. However, the review acknowledges limitations due to the scarcity and quality of available studies. Tailoring irrigation methods to specific scenarios and considering the clinician's expertise are recommended.