Robust Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon contaminated soil by microorganisms: A Review

Abstract

Contamination of soil by oil and hydrocarbons is a significant environmental issue with widespread consequences. Traditional methods for remediation often lack efficiency and sustainability. Bioremediation, which harnesses the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms, particularly bacteria, has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly approach for restoring soil. This article examines recent advancements in the use of bacterial-mediated bioremediation techniques for soils contaminated with oil and hydrocarbons. It explores various mechanisms employed by bacteria to degrade and transform hydrocarbons, such as the production of extracellular enzymes and metabolic pathways involved in hydrocarbon catabolism. The article also addresses challenges and limitations associated with bacterial bioremediation, including the impact of co-contaminants and the need for long-term monitoring. The abstract concludes by underscoring the sustainable and cost-effective nature of bacterial bioremediation as a viable strategy for mitigating the environmental impact of oil and hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. As the field evolves, further research and technological innovations are crucial to optimize bacterial bioremediation processes and ensure their widespread applicability in environmental restoration efforts.