Factor Related to the Incidence of Ascites in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at North Lombok Hospital

Abstract

Introduction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by abnormalities in kidney function and structure, as well as kidney damage that lasts more than three months. Chronic kidney disease is still a problem in nephrology, with a relatively high incidence rate and a fairly broad and complex etiology. Nephrogenic ascites is a rare condition that can occur in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who have had long-term hemodialysis (HD). Ascites is one of the clinical parameters of fluid overload conditions in HD patients. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for ascites in CKD patients.

Method. This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted at the North Lombok Hospital from September to November 2023. The study participants were end-stage CKD patients who had undergone hemodialysis. The total sampling technique was used for sampling. The information came from medical records. On each research variable, the Chi square test was used for analysis. A statistically significant p value was less than 0.05.

Results. This study enlisted the participation of 47 people. Ascites was found in 11 of the patients (23.4%). Comorbidity of chronic heart failure (CHF) was found in 31 subjects, 11 of whom had ascites and had a significant correlation [p = 0.006; LR 10,823]. There was an increased risk of ascites in subjects with hypoalbuminemia and an SGA score that indicated malnutrition [p < 0,001; LR 22,082 dan p < 0,001; LR 51,147], respectively. Gender, age, diabetes, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, urea, albumin, hematocrit, and leukocyte levels had no effect on the occurrence of ascites in CKD patients.

Conclusion. Factors related to the incidence of ascites in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis are chronic heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, and SGA score.