Implementation of Self-Management in Asthma Patients to Reduce the Frequency of Asthma Recurrence: Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by narrowing of the airways and causing increased hypersensitivity with symptoms of coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and wheezing. The prevalence of asthma in Indonesia is 5% of the entire population in Indonesia, namely around 12.5 million asthma patients in Indonesia. Asthma symptoms that appear periodically and repeatedly include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing, especially at night before dawn.

Objectives: The exclusion criteria in this systematic review are articles that were not published in international journals, articles that were not published in 2018-2023, articles that did not discuss self-management interventions using media, respondents aged 12-22 years, articles that were not full text, duplicate articles , non RCT designs, non scientific studies will be removed. Search results using the Google Schooler and PubMed databases contained 1,173 articles, then identification and screening were carried out, there were 8 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Methods: The article design used is a systematic review which refers to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The keywords used by the author in searching for articles include "Asthma And Self Management". The database search in this article was carried out in December 2023. The databases used were Google Schooler and PubMed. Article selection was carried out according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: The results of the critical appraisal showed that the eight articles were of good quality. Then the eight articles are presented in table form, the table contains the researcher's name and year, article title, method used, research objectives, intervention and results. The article is reviewed and reports the results of implementing self-management in asthma sufferers to reduce the frequency of asthma recurrence.

Conclusions: Based on the discussion of articles in this systematic review, the results show that self-management is able to have a very positive impact on asthma sufferers in reducing the frequency of asthma recurrence and is able to reduce treatment costs. Several studies have proven that self-management is able to reduce the frequency of asthma recurrence, but the time period of the research carried out by each researcher is different. The longer the time given to carry out the intervention, the more impact it will produce, namely reducing the frequency of asthma recurrence. The media used for self-management are the same, but the results of the intervention can be different.