Evaluation of Hematological Parameters and Diagnostic Significance in H. pylori Infection: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Peptic ulcers, gastritis, gastric cancer, and gastric lymphoma are among the many gastrointestinal diseases linked to the common bacterium H. pylori. This study evaluated the correlation between H. pylori infection and diverse demographic, socioeconomic, and hematological parameters in a study population. Blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with H. pylori and a control group. Subsequently, various hematological parameters, such as white blood cell counts, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were evaluated. Hematological analysis reveals statistically significant differences between the H. pylori-infected and Healthy groups. Patients with H. pylori infection demonstrated a mean HGB of 12.41±1.38 g/dl, compared to the healthy group 14.32±1.46g/dl (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean RBC count in the infected group was 4.12±0.62x106/µL lower than the healthy group 4.87±0.53 x 10^6/µL. HCT values were significantly lower in patients with H. pylori infection (39.17±3.87%) compared to the healthy group (44.52±4.51%) (p < 0.001). Patients with H. pylori infection demonstrated a lower MCV of 86.06±4.44fl compared to the healthy group 90.16±4.53fl (p = 0.003). MCH was significantly lower in the infected group (26.41±3.16pg) compared to the control group (29.13±1.87pg) (p = 0.007). MCHC was also lower in the H. pylori-infected group (31.45±1.60 g/dl) compared to the healthy group (32.58±1.24g/dl) (p = 0.005). While red cell distribution width (RDW) exhibited a statistically significant increase in the infected group (13.51±2.10%) compared to the healthy group (13.87±1.32%). this study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between H. pylori infection and demographic, socioeconomic, and hematological factors. These findings enhance our understanding of the potential public health implications of H. pylori and provide a footmark for future research and interventions in populations at risk of infection.