Assessment of Hydro-Chemical Changes in Nalgonda District: A Pre- and Post-Monsoon Comparison

Abstract

Environmental fluids are crucial for the survival of all living organisms and are found in abundance throughout the Earth. Nowadays this environmental water is heavily polluted and is causing many health problems to the people, cattles, and plants using this water. Consequently, there are ongoing efforts to analyze the composition of environmental waters. However, the use of river water in various industries has resulted in water pollution, which poses a serious threat to life on Earth. As a response to this pollution, many have turned to groundwater as an alternative source. It is crucial to understand that surface water and groundwater are linked; pollution in surface water can affect groundwater quality, which in turn impacts the global water cycle. To address this issue, a comprehensive study was conducted in and around Nalgonda District, spanning both pre-monsoon (01-03-2023 to 31-05-2023) and post-monsoon (01-10-2023 to 31-12-2023) seasons in 2023. The study involved the collection of water samples from various bore-holes located at five different sites along the district. Fourteen key parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, various ions, and specific ion interactions, were analyzed to assess the water quality in the region.