Industrial Wastewater Discharge into Natural Drains: Spatial Assessment on the Impact on Surface and River Water Quality

Abstract

Industrial wastewaters are generally discharged into natural drains when these drains meet to surface  and river water, water quality is affected. The river Ganga in Bijnor district, Uttar Pradesh receives such  waters from its various tributaries. To assess such impact or the quality of water of the river Ganga, it  was monitored monthly basis at selected 11 sites during September 2020 to March 2021 for 10  parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),  chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS),  nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen. Temperature, pH, chloride, nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen were  within permissible limit in all selected 11 sites. Most of water quality parameters, e.g. BOD, COD, DO,  TSS, and TDS were found several times higher than the permissible limit. Further water quality has  been assessed using water quality index (WQI). It was observed to be poor at site 9, 10 and 11. The site  location 9, 10 and 11 showed drastic ranges of pollution. These three sampling sites are fall under the  category of heavily contaminated sites at Bijnor, U.P., India.