In Vitro Assessment of Primary Stability of Dental Implants Placed Under Cyclic Loading with Different Parameters: An Original Research Study

Abstract

Background and Aim: Implant primary stability is one of the greatest criteria of its success. Primary stability is frequently affected even by little alteration in microbial flora or mechanical parameters. Implant primary stability also depends on loading patterns and type of abutment used. Therefore this study was designed and conducted to assess the primary stability of dental implants placed under cyclic loading with different parameters. 

Materials & Methods: Total 24 implant fixtures were used with two different types of implant abutment (angulated abutment of 200 Group 1 & 250 Group 2 respectively). For force application, a metallic jig was prepared for holding the implant abutment fixture in a predetermined position. Firstly, pre loading primary stability was noted (removal torque). Dynamic force was then applied and post loading primary stability or removal torque was noted. Any inaccurate data step was reattempted. Authors also ensured to lessen the data error by making consistency in procedures. Intra-observer variations were also taken care of for preciseness of data quality. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

Statistical Analysis and Results: Statistical analysis was done by statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. For pre dynamic loading, group 1 samples have mean removal torque of 17.23 and standard deviation of 0.859. The level of significance (p value) was non significant (0.232). Similarly, group 2 samples have mean removal torque of 18.10 and standard deviation of 2.839. The level of significance (p value) was non significant (0.121). For post dynamic loading, group 1 samples have mean removal torque of 16.93 and standard deviation of 0.349. ANOVA Analysis showed that overall measured level of significance (p value) was highly significant (0.002).

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, authors stated that cyclic loading has clear and demonstrable effect on the primary stability of implants. Also, there was insignificance difference in between two tested abutment angulations. Authors also anticipate other future long term studies with wider parameters.