A Review on the Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles: In Respect of Characterization and Therapeutic Application

Abstract

Introduction: Nanoparticles exhibit unique properties that enable them to find potential applications in various fields. Accordingly, significant research attention is being given to the development of novel strategies for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Among these, biological route of nanoparticle synthesis has been portrayed as an efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly technique. Biological materials such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae and plant have been reported to possess high bio reduction ability to synthesize various size and shape of metallic nanoparticles.

Objectives: Of these biomaterials, this review focuses on plant-mediated biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles.

Methods: There are two basic approaches to attain nanostructures, viz. top-down and bottom-up methods. Top-down approach involves break down of bulk material into fine particles through size reduction using various lithographic techniques e.g., grinding, milling, sputtering and thermal/laser ablation

Results: Due to their unique properties, nanoparticles are widely used in different fields such as medicine, agriculture, cosmetic industry, drug delivery, catalysis and wastewater treatment.

Conclusions: Due to their unique properties, nanoparticles are widely used in different fields such as medicine, agriculture, cosmetic industry, drug delivery, catalysis and wastewater treatment. Figure 8 illustrate applications of nanoparticles in various fields. In particular, biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles are much preferred especially in medical-based applications.