Detection of Autoimmune Thyroiditis among Newly Diagnosed Cases of Various Thyroid Disorders Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand

Abstract

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most prevalent diseases around the world, especially in developing countries like India. India has the highest ratio of thyroid disorders due to iodine deficiency. Enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO), is necessary for the production of thyroid profile, anyone modification in TPO can lead to a disrupted thyroid hormones. TPO-specific antibodies are helpful indicators for identifying autoimmune thyroid conditions. Therefore, the goal of present study was conducted to determine the  association of anti-thyroid antibody levels with various thyroid disorders patients.

Material and Method: This cross-sectional was carried out at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand after receiving approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee for 3 years wef 2021. This study included all adult patients (≥18 years old) who visited various clinical departments. These patients exhibited signs & symptoms related to thyroid disorders & were referred to the analysis of FT3, FT4, TSH & Anti-TPO. All thyroid estimations were done by the chemiluminescence technique (CLIA) using LIASION Analyzer, make DiaSorin, Italy. SPSS(version 20.0) was used to do the statistical analysis. The data and p-value were compared using the Chi-square test. 

Results: The Study was conducted on 380 patients, with the largest group of 99 patients falling in the 41-50 year age. The average age for women was found to be 41.83 ± 11.68 years. The ratio of Men to Women was 1:2.17. Hypothyroidism was the most common condition, diagnosed in 187 patients, of which 136 were women & 51 were men. Out of 205 patients who tested positive for anti-TPO antibodies, 143 were women. Among these women, 77 were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The age group with the highest number of hypothyroid and anti-TPO antibody, positive women was 41-50 years, with 36 out of the 77 belonging to this category.

Conclusion: The association between Age and Thyroid disorder is significant in females (p-value <0.05) as compared to Male. Anti-TPO antibodies, which are associated with hypothyroidism, were found more frequently in women.