In Vivo Assessment of Primary Stability of Dental Implants in Lower Arch Measured at Different Time Periods: An Original Research Study

Abstract

Background & Aim: Primary stability is one of the prime factors which govern long term implant success. There are many clinical factors discussed in the literature those are directly involved in successful bony union of implants. It is therefore critical to assess the primary stability of dental implants at different post operative timings. This study in vivo study was planned to assess the primary stability of dental implants in lower arch measured at different time periods.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Prosthodontics of Rama Dental College Hospital Kanpur. Patient on heavy medication of ongoing treatment for severe systemic diseases were also excluded from the study. All implants were placed by single operator over one year in lower arch. Patients were recalled in their post operative follow-up visit and data was collected for their primary stability. Periotest system was used to check primary stability. Group I consisted of 30 patients in which primary stability was evaluated at 3 months post operative phase. Group II & III consisted of that same 30 patients in which primary stability was evaluated at 4 & 5 months post operative phase.

Statistical Analysis & Results: Statistical analysis was attempted by SPSS software. Total 30 patients were studied with 22 male and 8 females in the age range of 35 to 55 years. Amongst 41-45 years, total 8 patients were found. P value was not significant for this group (0.80). Group I has maximum 25 implants those confirmed primary stability on evaluation by periotest system. P value was highly significant here (0.01). Group III has minimum 20 implants those confirmed primary stability on evaluation by periotest system. One-way ANOVA test measured p value which was highly significant (0.001).

Conclusion: Authors concluded that primary stability was maximum at first 3 months of post operative phase. Similarly, primary stability was minimum in 5 months post operative phase. Authors noticed clear declining pattern of the primary stability with increasing post operative timing. Authors also anticipate future in-vivo clinical implant studies to validate our findings and recommendations.