Assessing Serum Magnesium Levels in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Prognostic Insights and Clinical Implications.

Abstract

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical cardiovascular event with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Magnesium, an essential intracellular cation, plays a vital role in myocardial function and vascular tone regulation. This study investigates the serum magnesium levels in patients presenting with AMI and explores the potential prognostic significance of these levels.

Materials and Methods: The study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital's Department of Medicine, focused on ICU-admitted patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Using a Hospital-Based Observational Study design over 24 months, 100 eligible subjects were consecutively sampled. The research aimed to investigate serum magnesium levels' implications in the context of AMI, employing inclusion criteria for individuals over 20 years with acute coronary syndrome (STEMI and NSTEMI) and applying exclusion criteria to enhance reliability and specificity.

Results : This 1.5-year observational study of 100 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cases, including both ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation, revealed a male predominance and identified lifestyle factors such as sedentary jobs in 70% of patients. Common symptoms included chest pain, breathlessness, sweating, and palpitations. Complications, including arrhythmia and shock, occurred in 16% of cases during hospitalization. Serum magnesium levels emerged as a significant predictor for complications and mortality, with a cutoff of 1.7 mg% showing high sensitivity and specificity. The study underscores the importance of magnesium levels in predicting outcomes and suggests its potential as a prognostic marker in AMI cases.

Conclusion: Research, along with prior studies, suggests that low magnesium levels in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) independently predict an adverse prognosis, with increased complications and mortality. Serum magnesium levels may serve as a simple indicator for identifying high-risk AMI patients, recommending potential benefits from magnesium treatment. However, further comprehensive multicenter studies are deemed essential to validate these findings.