Environmental Implications of Plant-Derived Nano Particle-Based Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer Staging and Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Recent biomedical research has highlighted the promising potential of integrating plant-derived nanoparticles (NPs) as molecular biomarkers in both cancer staging and therapy. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the multifaceted landscape encompassing the use of these NPs in cancer diagnostics and treatment modalities. In the domain of cancer diagnostics, the distinctive physicochemical properties of plant-derived NPs make them highly effective in detecting and staging various cancer types. Their specificity and sensitivity enable precise identification of cancerous cells, revolutionizing early detection and enabling timely interventions. Plant-derived NPs extend their utility to cancer therapy by serving as carriers for therapeutic agents, facilitating targeted delivery to specific tumor sites while minimizing systemic toxicity. Their biocompatibility and potential for controlled drug release hold significant promise in enhancing treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. However, amidst these remarkable advancements in cancer research, it is crucial to critically assess the environmental implications associated with the widespread use of plant-derived NPs in healthcare settings. Concerns about their fate, behavior post-administration, and potential impact on ecosystems necessitate thorough investigation, particularly regarding bioaccumulation, persistence, and subsequent environmental effects. This review also addresses regulatory and ethical considerations intertwined with the utilization of plant-derived NPs in cancer care. The need for stringent regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines becomes apparent to ensure the safe and responsible use of these innovative tools while mitigating potential environmental risks.