Comparative Evaluation of Peri-Implant Tissues in Definitive and Repeated Abutment Replacements

Abstract

Background: The success of dental implants relies on the health and stability of peri-implant tissues. Frequent abutment replacements may impact these tissues, but the extent of this impact remains unclear. This study aims to compare peri-implant tissue health between definitive and repeated abutment replacements.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical study involving 50 patients who had received dental implants. These patients were divided into two groups: Group A with definitive abutment replacements and Group B with repeated abutment replacements. Peri-implant tissue parameters, including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and peri-implant bone loss (PBL), were assessed at baseline and at regular follow-up intervals over a 12-month period. Stereomicroscopy and radiographic analysis were used to evaluate tissue changes.

Results: Baseline peri-implant tissue parameters were comparable between the two groups (Group A vs. Group B: PD: 3.2 mm vs. 3.3 mm, BOP: 20% vs. 22%, PBL: 0.5 mm vs. 0.6 mm, p > 0.05). However, at the 12-month follow-up, Group B exhibited significantly increased PD (4.7 mm vs. 3.4 mm, p < 0.05), higher BOP (34% vs. 19%, p < 0.05), and greater PBL (1.2 mm vs. 0.6 mm, p < 0.05) compared to Group A. Stereomicroscopy revealed more pronounced inflammation and tissue alterations in Group B, while radiographic analysis confirmed greater bone loss in this group.

Conclusion: This study suggests that repeated abutment replacements may negatively affect peri-implant tissue health compared to definitive abutment replacements. Clinicians should consider the potential impact of abutment replacement frequency on long-term implant success and peri-implant tissue stability when planning implant treatments.