Assessment of prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in a tertiary care centre.

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is a widespread health concern globally, affecting populations in both developed and developing nations. Utilizing diagnostic methods such as Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS), this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among individuals attending the Orthopaedic Outpatient Department (OPD) at a tertiary care hospital. Additionally, the research aimed to analyse Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in relation to modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

Methods and Materials: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Orthopaedic OPD in the hospital, over six months from June 2017 to November 2017. A total of 250 cases, comprising OPD attendees aged 25 to 85 years who willingly provided consent, were included. BMD assessments were conducted using a calcaneal quantitative ultrasound machine (BMD SONOST 3000). Statistical analyses, including chi-square and Z tests, were employed where appropriate.

Results: The study revealed an osteoporosis prevalence of 18.4% and osteopenia prevalence of 52.8%, as per WHO criteria. Intriguingly, a higher incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was observed in males, particularly those aged 50 and above. Menopausal females, non-smokers, and individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds exhibited variations in BMD scores.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the substantial prevalence of osteoporosis in our community. Enhanced awareness regarding osteoporosis, coupled with the adoption of healthy dietary habits, active lifestyles, optimal management of systemic disorders, and reduced tobacco use, can significantly contribute to mitigating the complications associated with osteoporosis in our society.