Paving New Roads with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: A Promising Approach in Tissue Regeneration-An Update

Abstract

Immunomodulation is possible with the existence of mesenchymal stem cells and its regenerative potentiality. The interdisciplinary field of life sciences and engineering is renamed as Regenerative medicine. Several tissues and organs are lost during injury or disease, in such cases regenerative medicine plays a key role to restore the lost parts of organs and tissues as well as aid in the healing of wounds. The repair in tissues is possible with the introduction of Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) exosomes which have triggered remodelling reactions.  The multivesicular body is surrounded by plasma membrane referred to as exosomes which are extracellular vesicles. These vesicles aid in intracellular communication, cell differentiation, immune signalling, angiogenesis and stress response. The productive biological properties of these exosomes include stability, less toxicity, biocompatibility with abundant complex molecules of enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids, transcription factors, cytokines and cell surface receptors. Exosomes are primes candidates for proficient exchange of cargos which promotes engineering of tissues and expected to solve main medical problems. Therefore, our article prime focus is to highlight on mechanism of actions of MSCs-exosomes and its clinical transformation in field of therapeutics. Further, have provided insights on its application for wide variety of diseases and limitations on using in relation with realistic instances.