Benzothiazole-Based Hybrid Molecules as Promising Anticancer Agents: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Potential

Abstract

Benzothiazole (BTA) is a bicyclic molecule that belongs to the class of chemicals known as heterocyclics. Benzothiazole derivatives have a broad range of biological properties. This review provides a thorough examination of the literature from the past ten years (March 2015–January 2026), highlighting the main uses of BTA derivatives in cancer treatment. These compounds are efficient against several cancer cell lines, and they act through multiple molecular pathways, although some mechanisms are still not completely understood or require further investigation. In contrast, the inhibition of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs) by BTA derivatives has been more extensively explored. Furthermore, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies and IC₅₀ values indicate promising potency and selectivity of hybrid BTA derivatives. These compounds might potentially serve as lead molecules for developing effective anticancer agents, particularly targeting hypoxic tumor environments.