An Invitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Anti-Adhesive Properties of Nano-Chitosan, Biodentine and Theracal Against Dental Biofilms- Sem Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Vital pulp therapy has gained importance with the advent of bioactive pulp capping materials. The success of these materials depends largely on their antimicrobial properties and ability to prevent biofilm formation. Nano-chitosan, Biodentine, and TheraCal LC are widely used materials with varying biological and physicochemical characteristics.

Objectives:To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties of nano-chitosan, Biodentine, and TheraCal against dental biofilms using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Methods: Thirty non-carious extracted molars were collected and sectioned to obtain dentin discs. The specimens were demineralized and randomly divided into three groups (n=10): nano-chitosan, Biodentine, and TheraCal. Materials were applied in a standardized thickness and incubated in artificial saliva. The samples were then inoculated with Streptococcus mutans and incubated for 24 and 48 hours. Biofilm formation was assessed using crystal violet assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) count, and SEM analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests with significance set at p<0.05.

Results: Nano-chitosan demonstrated significantly reduced bacterial adhesion and disrupted biofilm architecture compared to other groups. Biodentine showed moderate antimicrobial activity with reduced but evident biofilm formation. TheraCal exhibited comparatively higher bacterial adhesion and denser biofilm structure. SEM analysis confirmed smoother surfaces and minimal bacterial colonization in the nano-chitosan group. The differences among groups were statistically significant.

Conclusions: Nano-chitosan exhibited superior antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties against dental biofilms compared to Biodentine and TheraCal. Its dual action in inhibiting bacterial growth and promoting remineralization highlights its potential as an effective pulp capping material. Further clinical studies are recommended to validate these findings.