Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Inflammation and Insulin Sensitivity in PCOD Patients - A Case Control Study

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, significantly affecting the quality of life in women of reproductive age. Emerging evidence suggests the potential therapeutic role of omega-3 fatty acids in modulating inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity.

Objectives: This case-control study aimed to evaluate the role of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing inflammatory markers and enhancing insulin sensitivity in women diagnosed with PCOS.

Methodology: A total of 120 participants, including 60 women with PCOS and 60 age-matched healthy controls, were recruited for this study. Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire, and serum omega-3 levels were measured using gas chromatography. Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified using ELISA, while insulin sensitivity was assessed via the HOMA-IR index. Statistical analyses were performed to determine associations and differences between the groups.

Results: Women with PCOS exhibited significantly higher levels of CRP, IL-6 levels at base line compared to controls (p < 0.01). Omega-3 fatty acid levels were inversely correlated with inflammatory markers and HOMA-IR in the PCOS group at base line. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids was associated with a marked reduction in inflammatory markers and improved insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Omega-3 fatty acids demonstrate a significant anti-inflammatory effect and improve insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS. Incorporating omega-3-rich dietary interventions could serve as a complementary approach in the management of PCOS, targeting its metabolic and inflammatory components.