Unveiling Hellenia speciosa: Morphological understanding, Ethnobotanical heritage and Pharmacological Perspectives

Abstract

The phytochemical profile of Hellenia speciosa, a medicinal plant from the Costaceae family that is vital to ethnobotany and Ayurveda, is investigated in detail. The main secondary metabolites that underpin many of its therapeutic effects are highlighted in this review, particularly steroidal saponins like Diosgenin. The review also assesses the plant’s many pharmaceutical properties such as its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. In light of rising human pressure and habitat loss, it analyzes the conservation status of H. speciosa. The emphasis is on biotechnological and in-vitro techniques that support genetic conservation and sustainable use. Particular focus is placed on Diosgenin, elucidating its function in mitigating neurological conditions through the regulation of inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress and neuronal signalling. With everything taken into account, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of advancements in medicinal, biochemistry and biotechnology associated with this plant.