Cytotoxic Evaluation of Nanoemulsion Prepared from Aqueous Extract of Acorus Calamus.

Abstract

The study aims to formulate Acorus calamus nanoemulsion and check for cytotoxic properties. To prepare the nanoemulsion, 10 mg of Acorus calamus powder was dissolved in 10 mL of water. Subsequently, 60 mL of palm oil and 30 mL of Tween 80 were added to the mixture to form an oil-in-water emulsion. The resulting mixture was subjected to ultrasonication for 60 min using an ultrasonic processor. The formation of a milky white solution indicated the successful creation of the nano-emulsion. During the optimisation of the nano-emulsion, it was observed that as the volume of the Acorus calamus nano-emulsion increased, the particle size distribution also increased, ranging from 140 to 160 nm when the volume reached 100%. Beyond this volume, the particle size gradually decreased, stabilising at approximately 240 nm. The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that the Acorus calamus nano-emulsion exhibited minimal cytotoxic activity, indicating its safety for topical applications. Notably, the nano-emulsion demonstrated enhanced penetration through human epithelial cells when the particle size was less than 100 microns, suggesting its potential to manage trigeminal neuralgia when applied topically.