Histomorphological Spectrum and Clinicopathological Correlations of Ovarian Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Two-Year Prospective Study

Abstract

Background: Ovarian lesions encompass a wide spectrum of non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions and represent a significant diagnostic challenge in gynecological pathology. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis and management planning in tertiary care settings.

Aim: To determine the demographic distribution, Histomorphological spectrum, and clinicopathological correlations of non-neoplastic and neoplastic ovarian lesions in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over two years (June 2022–June 2024) in the Department of Pathology. All ovarian specimens and biopsies received (n=67) were analyzed for clinical, gross, and Histomorphological features and classified per WHO 2020 guidelines.

Results: Patients ranged from 14 to 77 years; peak incidence was in the 31–40-year age group (29.8%). Pain abdomen (31%) was the most common presentation. Unilateral oophorectomy was the predominant specimen type (60%). Majority of lesions were unilateral (98.5%) and purely cystic (79.1%). Neoplastic lesions (76%) outnumbered non-neoplastic lesions (24%). Surface epithelial tumors were most frequent (58.2%), followed by tumor-like lesions (23.8%) and germ cell tumors (11.9%). Among neoplastic lesions, benign tumors predominated (84.3%), with serous cystadenoma as the most common diagnosis (22.3%).

Conclusion: Benign ovarian neoplasms predominate in the reproductive age group. Clinicopathological correlation and Histomorphological analysis are essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.